Periodontal disease

80% of dogs and 60% of cats older than 3 years experience some degree of oral health issues.¹

What are the main signs of periodontal disease?

1
Bad breath

Contrary to popular belief, bad breath in dogs and cats is not normal. This is one of the first signs of periodontal disease. It is related to the formation of dental plaque and tartar accumulation.
2
Gingivitis

Inflammation (swelling and redness) of the gums is caused by bacteria buildup on the gingival mucosa.
3
Periodontitis

Periodontitis occurs in the presence of severe gum inflammation and damage to gumline. This may lead to loss of bone and soft tissue around the teeth.

In case of poor oral hygiene, what are the consequences of periodontal disease?

The most common consequences are:

Pain
Lack of appetite and enthusiasm
abscess and loosening of teeth
Excessive salivation

At a very advanced stage, the bacteria can pass into the blood, diffuse into the body and cause fever and secondary infection of the organs (heart, liver and kidneys in particular).

To avoid these risks, an oral examination should be performed regularly by your veterinarian.

References:

Kortegaard H.A., Erikksen T., Baelum V. (2008). Periodontal disease in research beagle dogs an epidemiological study. Journal of Small Animal Practice 49, 610-616.